ELECTRIC VACUUM DEVICES FOR DETECTORS AND IMAGE CAMERAS

Vacuum photocells and photomultiplier tubes, which are being developed by Research & Production Center for Pulse Technique under FSUE "VNIIA", are notable for high temporal resolution, record values of output linear current, wide range of spectral response (from 300 to 800 nm).

Vacuum photocells

Vacuum photocells are intended for measurement of pulsed light fluxes of radiation with wide range of spectral response (from 300 nm to 650 nm), high temporal resolution of 0.1÷1.0 ns and linear current in pulse mode (from 2.5 A to 11 A). Based on vacuum photocells, scintillation neutron and gamma radiation detectors of low sensitivity of 10^-20÷10^-16 A cm² s/quantum are developed in the institute and are being supplied.

Technical Characteristics of Vacuum Photocells
 

Name of Characteristic	ÑÄÔ 15Ì	ÑÄÔ 20	ÑÄÔ 21
Spectral response range, nm	300-650	350-650	300-650
Photocathode type	Sb - Cs	Sb - Cs	Sb - Cs
Photocathode diameter, mm	25	50	12
Luminous photocathode sensitivity, µA/lm, no less than	25	20	20
Max linear current in pulse mode, A, no less than	11.0	8.0	2.5
Dark current, nA, no more than	0.1	0.1	0.05
Time response (FWHM), ps, no more than	500	1000	100
Supply voltage, kV	1.8	1.8	1.5
Dimensions: diameter, mm                    height, mm	40 40	92 85	30 30

ÑÄÔ 15Ì	ÑÄÔ 20	ÑÄÔ 21

Photomultiplier tubes

Photomultiplier tubes are intended for registration of low-level pulsed fluxes of radiation in ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectra within the range of 300÷800 nm, with amplification of 10²÷10⁷, with linear current in pulse mode of 0.15÷2.5 A and high temporal resolution of 0.5÷5 ns. Based on photomultiplier tubes, scintillation detectors with sensitivity of 10^-16÷10^-9 A cm² s/quantum used in measurement of ionizing radiation fluxes are developed in the institute and are being supplied.

Technical Characteristics of Photomultiplier tubes
 

Name of Characteristic	ÑÍÔÒ3	ÑÍÔÒ5	ÑÍÔÒ18Ì	ÑÍÔÒ20	ÑÍÔÒ21	ÑÍÔÒ22
Spectral response range, nm	350-650	350-650	300-650	350-650	300-800	350-650
Photocathode type	Sb - Cs	Sb - Cs	Sb - Cs	Sb - Cs	Sb-K-Na-Cs	Sb - Cs
Photocathode diameter, mm	50	50	50	50	50	50
Luminous photocathode sensitivity, µA/lm	20	20	25	20	120	20
Anode sensitivity, A/lm	50-400	0.5-10	4-160	no less than 30	no less than 5	0.005-0.020
Max linear current in pulse mode, A, no less than	2.5	2.5	0.5	0.15	1.5	1.5
Dark current, µA, no more than	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.05
Time response (FWHM), ns	5.0	5.0	1.0	0.5	1.7	5.0
Supply voltage, kV	4.0	3.4	6.8	6.8	6.8	4.0
Dimensions: diameter, mm                    height, mm	91 177	91 157	91 200	91 200	91 200	91 140

ÑÍÔÒ3, ÑÍÔÒ5	ÑÍÔÒ22
ÑÍÔÒ18Ì	ÑÍÔÒ20

Image Tubes

Streak image tubes developed in Research & Production Center for Pulse Technique under FSUE "VNIIA" are intended for registration of space-time characteristics of pulsed fluxes of optical radiation. Image tubes have spectral range of radiation registration within 220÷1060 nm, temporal resolution of 1÷20 ps, spatial resolution of 10÷30 lp/mm, registration dynamic range of 100÷1000 (depending on temporal resolution). Based on streak image tubes, the institute produces image cameras used in research of fast processes in a scale of time intervals from picosecond intervals to millisecond ones.

Technical Characteristics of Image Tubes
 

Name of Characteristic	ÑÏÎ9	ÑÏÎ9-01	ÑÏÎ20	ÑÏÎ21	ÑÏÎ22	ÑÏÎ23	ÑÏÎ25	ÑÏÎ26
Spectral range, nm	350-800	350-650	350-650	220-800	350-1060	350-1060	350-1060	350-1060
Input window material	Ñ52-1	Ñ52-1	Ñ52-1	ÓÒ-49	Ñ52-1	Ñ52-1	ÂÎÏ	ÂÎÏ
Photocathode type	SbKNaCs	SbKCs	SbKCs	SbKNaCs	AgOCs	AgOCs	AgOCs	AgOCs
Spectral response, mA/W	3 (800íì)	15 (428íì)	10 (428íì)	1 (260íì)	0.1 (1060íì)	0.05 (1060íì)	0.07 (1060íì)	0.03 (1060íì)
Photocathode size, mm	3õ15	3õ15	3õ10	3õ15	3õ15	3õ10	3õ15	3õ10
Screen size, mm	17õ34	17õ34	24õ35	17õ34	17õ34	25õ35	17õ34	25õ35
Magnification	1+0.3	1+0.3	2+0.5	1+0.3	1+0.3	2+0.5	1+0.3	2+0.5
Spatial resolution, lp/mm	9	9	30	9	9	30	8	25
Temporal resolution, ps	20	20	1	20	20	1	20	3
Supply voltage, kV	15.0	15.0	10.0	15.0	15.0	10.0	15.0	10.0

ÑÏÎ9, ÑÏÎ9-01, ÑÏÎ21, ÑÏÎ22, ÑÏÎ25	ÑÏÎ20, ÑÏÎ23, ÑÏÎ26

As well, in Research & Production Center for Pulse Technique X-ray streak cameras were developed and are being produced to record short pulses of X-ray radiation of simulating apparatuses in the quanta energy range of 0.1÷40 keV with temporal resolution of 20÷40 ps.

Technical Characteristics of X-ray Image Tubes
 

Name of Parameter	ÑÐÏÝ 3	ÑÐÏÝ 4	ÑÐÏÝ 7
Spectral range, keV	1.5-30	0.1-10	0.1-10
Focusing type	Electrostatic	Electrostatic	Electrostatic
Input window material, thickness	Mica, 5 µm	P/propylene, 1 µm	P/propylene, 1 µm
Photocathode material, thickness	CsJ	Au, 30 nm	Au, 30 nm
Photocathode size, mm	1õ12	0.08õ15	1õ15
Screen size, mm	15õ35	10õ35	18õ35
Electron-optical magnification	1.2	1.0	1.0-1.5
Spatial resolution, lp/mm	10	5	10
Temporal resolution, ps	20	40	20
Supply voltage, kV	15.0	15.0	15.0

ÑÐÏÝ3	ÑÐÏÝ7

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